Yes, and so can Edge.
One issue is IE doesn't support all elements of HTML5, and really only has basic support. Most pages have moved to HTML5 and very seldom use Flash. Since IE is not supported anymore they won't update the engine to further support HTML5. This can cause crashes.
Sort of like trying to use an older version of IE from an older OS to get online to download a driver or update. Most of the time the pages will crash due to elements not loading correctly and scripting.
Can a page crash the browser due to running Ad Block? No, but pages do have Ad Block detectors built in now, or at least most ad heavy sites do that require the revenue. If you're not seeing these it could be a direct relation (try going to Forbes as a test, I know they have an uber one, greedy bastards). Another issue that could be related is for IE and Edge Ad Block is ran as a service and is not directly integrated as a plugin like in other browsers. THis could be causing an overflow issue of some sort with too many ads being blocked. Or, the ads could only be hidden rather than blocked from loading causing something malicious to still run. Script injection tries to happen and IE crashes because the script injection is expecting something newer. Idk really how the IE Ad Block works so just spitballing here.