hes on windows 7 pro
just txted me that is low on space again.
is that software distribution directory responsible for populating those cabs?
how do i stop it from happening?
If You speak about the folder %windir%\SoftwareDistribution\Download, then it is for download Windows updates. Always these downloaded packages contains more files , than Your system needs. There are files for different op-system versions, for example for Ultimate, for AMD; for Intel etc. Those files what are not needed for Your system, will stay there - these are useless for You and for Your system and You must delete them manually, because till today Windows will not delete them automatically.
Also, if something fails, then on the next time all files will be downloaded again and the previously files are always recommended delete (manually) before You'll try again. Otherways everything may fail again, because there isn't enough free space to download all updates again. This folder size is predefined by Windows and if this folder is full, then You cannot download new updates.
With other Temp folders it isn't so critical, but they must be cleaned also regularly.
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The other thing is, if you get a message that there is not enough space ...
Your computer will make regular backups, there are old backup files, etc. if you have not changed your computer settings as needed for you. You must delete manually old backups after every updating as soon as You have installed updates and they works as should, ie You don't want back (roll back).
If you have bought a computer, the first thing is to learn how to use it.
The computer is a machine, but the driver of this machine are You. As long as you don't know how to drive the computer, you cannot do nothing wise and useful with it.
So, learn to use first.