That's an interesting question, I'm not sure how you would do it in windows, you could use "net view" to see shares on the local network, "ipconfig" to see your gateway.. but I don't know what you would do to see all devices on the local network. In Linux I would use fping "fping -a -g 192.168.0.0/24 2>nul".
If anyone knows a windows equivalent I'd be interested.