Clean Install Windows XP
IÂ’ve made no secret of my feelings about doing upgrade installations of Windows XP. My personal experience has shown that very seldom, if ever, do you realize the full potential of a new operating system when itÂ’s installed as an upgrade. The most meticulous of users canÂ’t guard against all the stray files, drivers, and registry entries that creep into a system through normal use. I see no sense in starting out at a disadvantage. All the little problems that existed before the upgrade are likely to make the transition right along with the new operating system. So, that said, whatÂ’s involved in doing a clean install of Windows XP?
The Preparation
A clean install in Windows XP is a very straightforward process. Just as there are certain things that need to be done to ensure a successful upgrade, the same care is needed with a clean install. First, check the requirements for Windows XP. A box that just squeaks by on the minimum requirements is not going to make you happy with XP. Truthfully, itÂ’s a recipe for disaster. XP has many nice features, but they do require a box which has the oomph to power them adequately. Check the requirements for the appropriate version using the links below.
Windows XP Home Edition System Requirements
Here's What You Need to Use Windows XP Home Edition
• PC with 300 megahertz (MHz) or higher processor clock speed recommended; 233-MHz minimum required;* Intel Pentium/Celeron family, AMD K6/Athlon/Duron family, or compatible processor recommended
• 128 megabytes (MB) of RAM or higher recommended (64 MB minimum supported; may limit performance and some features)
• 1.5 gigabyte (GB) of available hard disk space.*
• Super VGA (800 × 600) or higher resolution video adapter and monitor
• CD-ROM or DVD drive
• Keyboard and Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing device
• For Internet access:
• Some Internet functionality may require Internet access, a Microsoft. NET Passport account, and payment of a separate fee to a service provider; local and/or long-distance telephone toll charges may apply
• 14.4 Kbps or higher-speed modem
• For networking:
• Network adapter appropriate for the type of local-area, wide-area, wireless, or home network you wish to connect to, and access to an appropriate network infrastructure; access to third-party networks may require additional charges
• For instant messaging, voice and video conferencing, and application sharing, both parties need:
• Microsoft .NET Passport account and Internet access
• For voice and video conferencing, both parties also need:
• 33.6 Kbps or higher-speed modem, or a network connection
• Microphone and sound card with speakers or headset
• For video conferencing, both parties also need:
• Video conferencing camera
• Windows XP
• For application sharing, both parties also need:
• 33.6 Kbps or higher-speed modem, or a network connection
• Windows XP
• For remote assistance:
• Both parties must be running Windows XP and be connected by a network
• For sound:
• Sound card and speakers or headphones
• For DVD video playback:
• DVD drive and DVD decoder card or DVD decoder software
• 8 MB of video RAM
• For Windows Movie Maker:
• Video capture feature requires appropriate digital or analog video capture device
• 400-MHz or higher processor for digital video camera capture
* Actual requirements will vary based on your system configuration and the applications and features you choose to install. Additional available hard-disk space may be required if you are installing over a network.
Windows XP Professional Edition System Requirements
Here's What You Need to Use Windows XP Professional
• PC with 300 megahertz or higher processor clock speed recommended; 233 MHz minimum required (single or dual processor system);* Intel Pentium/Celeron family, or AMD K6/Athlon/Duron family, or compatible processor recommended
• 128 megabytes (MB) of RAM or higher recommended (64 MB minimum supported; may limit performance and some features)
• 1.5 gigabytes (GB) of available hard disk space*
• Super VGA (800 x 600) or higher-resolution video adapter and monitor
• CD-ROM or DVD drive
• Keyboard and Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing device
Additional Items or Services Required to Use Certain Windows XP Features
• For Internet access:
• Some Internet functionality may require Internet access, a Microsoft .NET Passport account, and payment of a separate fee to a service provider; local and/or long-distance telephone toll charges may apply
• 14.4 kilobits per second (Kbps) or higher-speed modem
• For networking:
• Network adapter appropriate for the type of local-area, wide-area, wireless, or home network you wish to connect to, and access to an appropriate network infrastructure; access to third-party networks may require additional charges
• For instant messaging, voice and videoconferencing, and application sharing, both parties need:
• Microsoft .NET Passport account and Internet access or Microsoft Exchange 2000 Server instant messaging account and network access (some configurations may require download of additional components)
• For voice and videoconferencing, both parties also need:
• 33.6 Kbps or higher-speed modem, or a network connection
• Microphone and sound card with speakers or headset
• For videoconferencing, both parties also need:
• Video conferencing camera
• Windows XP
• For application sharing, both parties also need:
• 33.6 Kbps or higher-speed modem, or a network connection
• Windows XP
• For remote assistance:
• Both parties must be running Windows XP and be connected by a network
• For remote desktop:
• A Windows 95 or later–based computer, and the two machines must be connected by a network
• For sound:
• Sound card and speakers or headphones
• For DVD video playback:
• DVD drive and DVD decoder card or DVD decoder software
• 8 MB of video RAM
• For Windows Movie Maker:
• Video capture feature requires appropriate digital or analog video capture device
• 400 MHz or higher processor for digital video camera capture
* Actual requirements will vary based on your system configuration and the applications and features you choose to install. Additional available hard disk space may be required if you are installing over a network
If the computer is up to snuff, the next step is to check the rest of the hardware against the Windows XP Hardware Compatibility List to see if itÂ’s supported. ItÂ’s possible, even likely, that one or more of your items wonÂ’t be on the list. That doesnÂ’t mean you have to replace them or that they wonÂ’t work with XP, but it does mean you should visit the manufacturer site to check for XP drivers. In some cases the Windows 2000 drivers will work just fine. The point is, make sure you have the drivers downloaded and saved where they will be available during the XP installation. Drivers for RAID and SCSI devices fall into this same category. Make sure they are available at the beginning of the installation process.
Microsoft has made available on their website some excellent documentation regarding upgrading to Windows XP. I strongly suggest it be read before a final decision is made. A number of other articles are linked from the one below, including a download location for the Microsoft Windows Upgrade Advisor. Even though it's a 35MB download, running it will alert you to any hardware and software problems that may be encountered in your XP installation.
Description of the Windows XP Upgrade Advisor (Q307726)
If you arenÂ’t familiar with the differences between FAT32 and NTFS file systems, now is the time to rectify that situation. This will be the most important decision you have to make during the installation process so a bit of knowledge can be very valuable. See the article linked below.
Description of the FAT32 File System in Windows XP (Q310525)
Make sure that the installation CDÂ’s for every program you use are available as well as the media that qualifies you to be doing a Windows XP installation. Once you wipe the drive there is no magical set of keystrokes that will get your programs and data back, which brings me to the final point for this section. Back up your data, test and verify the backup, and be sure the backup device you used will be available under Windows XP. With the previous tasks completed, itÂ’s onward to the actual installation.
The Installation
There are two methods available for installing Windows XP, both requiring the first step of booting your machine. YouÂ’re in luck if the box is capable of booting from the CD-ROM drive since the Windows XP CDÂ’s are bootable. No, XP isnÂ’t available on floppies, and even if it was youÂ’d need a two week vacation to do the installation. If the computer doesnÂ’t support booting from the CD, youÂ’ll need a set of Setup Startup Disks, but here is a final caution before you go this route. Most computers that will be happy running XP have the capability to boot from the CD. ItÂ’s probably a red flag if you need the startup disks, so take one more look at the minimum and recommended requirements for running Windows XP. If itÂ’s still a go, download the file that will create the disk sets for either the Home Edition or the Professional Edition. Make the disk set, boot the computer and insert the XP CD to begin the installation.
For boxes that support booting from the CD, the following steps will get you through the clean install of Windows XP.
Fire up the computer and insert the XP CD.
Watch the monitor for the message that the CD has been auto-detected, followed by the “Press any key to boot CD” message. Don’t fall for the old joke about looking for the “Any” key and just hit the spacebar or any other key that’s convenient within the five second time span the message will be displayed.
When I first put together this guide to a clean install of XP I didn't think there would be a big problem with ACPI BIOS detection. I was wrong, so I've inserted this section relating to Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) detection in the hope of saving users a lot of grief over XP not shutting down properly. The identical information is also included on the page about Shutdown Problems.
The Role of the F5 Key and Shutdown Problems
When I first put this page together I meant to include this information. Unfortunately it totally slipped my mind. One of the hazards of being an Elder(ly) Geek, but better late than never. Thanks to reader Glen M. for jogging my memory.
When XP is first installed it tries to determine what type of BIOS is available on the computer. Newer systems have what is known as Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) capability. Unfortunately, XP doesn't always recognize a computer BIOS is ACPI capable and doesn't install the support for ACPI. Even more unfortunate is the fact that if ACPI support isn't determined at the initial install it's virtually impossible to correct this at a later time short of reinstalling XP over the top of the previous XP installation. To do so requires changing the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL). The chances of successfully changing a HAL after XP has been installed is pretty close to zilch.
Once you drop the CD in the tray and fire up the computer to install XP, the first thing you'll see at the bottom of the screen is the option to press F6 if you need to install a SCSI or RAID controller. Don't press F6. Press F5 instead. This will take you to a separate menu of Hardware Abstraction Layer's where you can choose an appropriate HAL that supports ACPI. The choices will be:
ACPI Multiprocessor PC
ACPI Uniprocessor PC
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) PC
Compaq SystemPro Multiprocessor or 100% Compatible PC
MPS Uniprocessor PC
MPS Multiprocessor PC
Standard PC
Standard PC with C-Step i486
Other
In the majority of installations the 'Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) PC' HAL is the one you will want to use. A few cautions are also in order:
Obtain and install the latest BIOS for your motherboard before you begin the XP installation.
Equally as important as using the proper HAL on ACPI capable systems, is NOT using it on systems that are not ACPI compatible. The install may complete but the system will almost surely fail to start when it reboots.
There are situations where it is definitely not desirable to use an ACPI HAL even if it is supported by the BIOS. This predominately applies to servers, but to ensure that an ACPI HAL will not be used or automatically detected and used, press F7 instead of F5 as discussed previously.
Considering the number of problems that users have with systems not shutting down completely I wonder why this feature is not prominently mentioned and documented. It could save many headaches, but now you know. A good piece of knowledge to have tucked away for your next XP install.
As a final note, to determine if your computer was detected as being ACPI enabled:
Right click My Computer then click Properties > Hardware > Device Manager.
Expand the entry called Computer.
If the entry is 'Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) PC' you're all set. If it says 'Standard PC' the computer BIOS was not detected as being ACPI capable.
Files will start to load from the CD to begin the installation. Eventually youÂ’ll be asked if you want to install Windows XP. No need to type an essay here on why youÂ’ve made the decision to do the installation. Just hit Enter.
Next is the End User License Agreement or EULA which must be accepted to continue installation. Press F8 to accept, F3 to bail out now. You can read the EULA if you want, but it adds two days to the installation time.
The next screen displays the available partitions where XP can be installed. Select the one you want and tap that Enter key again to move on to the screen where you select a file system.
ItÂ’s time for that important decision. FAT32 versus NTFS. The preferred choice is NTFS. It allows security features and stability that arenÂ’t possible with FAT32. Apply the knowledge you gained during the preparation phase at this point. Make your choice of formatting options and press the F key to start the process. Once the format process completes the installation will continue.
If you are installing from a full version Windows XP CD the installation continues without intervention. If youÂ’re using an upgrade version CD this is where Microsoft confirms your eligibility by requesting the media that allows you to use the upgrade version. Insert your media in the drive, let the verification complete and reinsert the XP CD when prompted.
Setup continues and eventually the computer will reboot. Watch the onscreen prompts but do not press a key when the “Press any key to boot CD” message appears.
Installation will continue, prompting you from time to time to supply some additional setup information. Feed the prompts with appropriate responses and eventually another reboot will occur, this time bringing you back into Windows XP, depositing you at the Windows Activation screen.
You can either activate your copy of XP now or delay the activation for up to 30 days and suffer the periodic activation reminders. I suggest you activate now and register at the same time. ItÂ’s really painless. In any case, activation is required at some point or after 30 days youÂ’ll be denied access to the desktop. Registration is entirely optional.
The last step is to enter a username and watch the XP desktop appear, ready for use.
Congratulations. YouÂ’ve just completed a clean install of Windows XP. Look around, explore, play with the settings and start installing applications and transferring your data backup. YouÂ’re not in Kansas anymore. This is Windows XP.
