You still haven't given us your budget. Also, if there is any other information like the TV, please give.
Hmm. I don't know how to connect the TV to the PC, but I think theres either a special motherboard for it, of you have to buy an adapter-like thing.
SLi is basically using two video cards in the same system. They have to be the same design, by the same manufacturer, or it won't work. You can only do SLI with PCIexpress x16 video cards. Therefore, a SLI motherboard is a motherboard that supports having two video cards inside it, and has two PCIe x 16 slots. SLI gives you about a 75% increase in performance. So with two video cards, you'd be getting 175% the performance of just one. BUT IN SOME CASES AND SOME GAMES HAVING ONE VIDEO CARD IS BETTER THAN HAVING TWO!
SATA is a new, supposedly revolutionary type of Hard Drive. Its faster than the old PATA/IDE drives, but not by much. It also does away with the Master/Slave system. Motherboards also have to support SATA, though these days, most motherboard do. Because Hard Drives are not always running at their max, the switch from IDE/PATA to SATA isn't VERY noticeable. Its there though.
EDIT: I forgot to add, the older hard drives ran at 100 or 133 Megabytes per second (mbps). There are two types of SATA drives. SATA150 and SATAII. SATA 150 runs at 150mbps, so there isn't a huge noticeable difference. SATAII however runs at 300mbps and you will certainly notice the difference. Ofcourse, SATAII are much more espensive, and they're also somewhat rare. if you're on a budget, forget about SATAII.