The only possible way is really a hybrid workaround. You couldn't boot from a CD-ROM drive of that era because there was no BIOS support for CD-ROM drives (the BIOS literally did not know that CD-ROM drives existed). The OS (DOS) had to load first, then a device driver was loaded from the config.sys file.
You will need to create a DOS boot disk that loads the drivers for the CD-ROM Drive (no BIOS support for CD-ROM) in a config.sys file located on the DOS disk. Once DOS boots and loads the CD-ROM drivers, then execution can be transferred to the CD-ROM using a batch file on the DOS diskette.
The PS1 predates USB so a USB floppy is out. Doesn't the machine have 1 or more diskette drives?