If the HDD is fully compatable with the motherboard's onboard IDE controller, then you shouldn't have any problems. As far as the motherboard is concerned, you have a HDD that's already formated. Once it calls the HDD, the boot instructions should take over and Windows should start up normally. You'll probably get a bunch of Hardware-Manager pop-ups about the new motherboard and stuff, but that's trivial. You may get a Windows-re-activation alert, but that's not really a big problem either.
If you're getting a bunch of blue-screens, chances are it's not Windows (itself) but some kind of incompatability between the HDD and the motherboard or chipset. There could also be a driver issue going on. HDD's just don't function like other pieces of hardware, and are basically swapable "on the fly".