I remember back when I worked for HP about a year or so before vista was released, one of the engineers told me about a vista feature called "Paladin".
Now, i'm not sure if he was lying or just BSing me, but it did seem entirely possible that it could be done.
What he told me, was that vista was going to have anti piracy protection. It would activly scan the system, and when it detected pirated software, it would uninstall it. Not only that, but supposedly paladin was going to somehow be able to contact the makers of the software to let them know that you were pirating the software.
Since that conversation, i've heard very little about vista's anti piracy stuff.
Even still, if such a program as paladin existed, i'm sure that people would figure out how to disable it soon enough. Or if not, i'm sure that somebody out there would make a virus exploiting it.