In a nut shell:
RAID 0 -> Data is split between even number of disks, which makes read and write times faster.
RAID 1 -> Data is duplicated to other disks so that if a sector on the primary disk fails it is recoverable.
RAID 1/0 -> Data is split between even numbers of disks and further duplicated to other disks.
Those are the 3 most common RAID configuration, there are others but are not used often.